Scientists Studying Rooibos Tea as a Potential Shield Against Petrochemical Exposure

Johannesburg – A pioneering research project is currently being conducted to explore whether Rooibos can alleviate the adverse effects of petrochemical exposure for petrol station attendants.

Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH) initiated this study in light of the substantial occupational risks faced in the industry, seeking to find out if Rooibos – an affordable and easily accessible health beverage – can provide significant protection for these workers.

Dr. Kerry Wilson, an epidemiologist with NIOH, highlights that petrol attendants in South Africa often endure long hours at fuel stations, frequently inhaling toxic petrochemical vapors, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX).

“These volatile organic compounds are associated with serious respiratory problems, DNA damage, and long-lasting health issues,” says Dr. Wilson.

The objective of the study is to evaluate petrol attendants’ exposure to BTEX chemicals in a bustling city like Johannesburg while investigating an economical method to mitigate their harmful effects.

“We drew inspiration from international studies indicating the beneficial role of antioxidants found in tea, especially in addressing oxidative stress linked to BTEX exposure,” Dr. Wilson explained.

“Considering Rooibos’ caffeine-free characteristic and its recognized capacity to lessen oxidative stress, it became an appealing subject for further investigation.”

Chronic exposure to petrochemical pollutants has been connected to respiratory ailments, skin irritation, blood disorders, and organ damage.

High levels of exposure can lead to immediate symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and respiratory irritation, while prolonged exposure might result in more severe conditions, including hematological problems like blood poisoning and DNA damage.

Dr. Wilson has also noted alterations in liver and kidney functions associated with excessive exposure.

“Although South Africa has occupational health and safety regulations, adherence and enforcement remain inconsistent,” Dr. Wilson remarked.

“In contrast to developed nations where self-serve refueling limits exposure, petrol attendants in South Africa experience direct contact with fuel vapors daily.

“Petrol stations are often privately owned, but specific standards must also be adhered to by petrol suppliers.

“Exposure levels vary worldwide, influenced by environmental conditions.”

The research is focused on assessing biomarkers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in petrol attendants.

By analyzing these biomarkers and conducting comet assays, the research team aims to determine if Rooibos consumption enhances antioxidant levels and can alleviate some of the damage from petrochemical exposure.

Participants were selected through quota sampling at designated petrol stations.

Initial health assessments took place in late 2023, with an intervention phase planned for 2024 and concluding evaluations scheduled for March this year.

During the study, half of the participants drank three 250 ml cups of Rooibos each day for six months.

The control group did not consume Rooibos but received illustrated occupational health guidelines to help minimize exposure.

Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) is packed with bioactive compounds that may offer occupational health advantages, including:

• Aspalathin: A distinctive antioxidant that helps reduce oxidative stress.
• Quercetin and luteolin: Anti-inflammatory flavonoids beneficial for immune support.
• Chrysoeriol: A bronchodilator that aids lung health.
• Nothofagin: Provides protection against free radical harm.
• Phenolic acids: Encourage neuroprotection and assist in detoxification.
• Tannins: Present in low amounts, offering mild antimicrobial properties.

Dr. Wilson and her team believe these compounds might help mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, respiratory irritation, and cardiovascular strain linked to petrochemical exposure in the following ways:

• Reducing oxidative stress: Rooibos bioactives counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for cellular damage.
• Anti-inflammatory action: Flavonoids can reduce inflammation caused by prolonged chemical exposure.
• Supporting detoxification: Aspalathin and nothofagin enhance glutathione production, aiding in detoxifying petrochemicals.
• Cardiovascular benefits: Chrysoeriol promotes relaxation of blood vessels, lowering hypertension risks.
• Respiratory support: Rooibos compounds help reduce bronchial constriction, enhancing lung function.
• Stress reduction: Aspalathin lowers cortisol levels, assisting workers in managing occupational stress.

While the final results of the study are still awaited, Dr. Wilson suggests that Rooibos could be a valuable component of occupational health initiatives.

Nevertheless, larger-scale trials will be necessary to validate long-term benefits and establish optimal dosing methods.

Key areas for further research include:

• Long-term clinical trials within high-risk work environments.
• Comparative studies against other antioxidants, including Vitamin C and green tea.
• Investigating the genetic and epigenetic effects of Rooibos on workers.
• Workplace feasibility analyses regarding adherence and cost-effectiveness.

“While Rooibos cannot substitute for exposure control measures, it represents a promising pathway for improving worker health,” Dr. Wilson stated.

“Although we have not yet finalized our findings, the prospective advantages of Rooibos warrant continued research.”

The study outcomes will be published later this year.